International School of Management - ISM
GLOSSARY
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| Term | Definition |
| ACBSP | The leading specialized accreditation association for business education, and the first such accreditation body to be recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). |
| Accordion Method | An approach to change management involving implementing changes over time, in phases. |
| accredited | Officially recognized as meeting the essential requirements, as of academic excellence; accredited schools. |
| Acquisition | The act of acquiring or gaining possession: the acquisition of real estate; also, something acquired; addition: a recent acquisition to the museum. |
| American Library | All ISM students are given memberships to the American Library conveniently located near the American Church at 10, rue du Général Camou, 75007 Paris. The American Library is the largest of its kind in Paris. Books on reserve include a wide selection of business and finance materials as well as American and English literature, journals, videos and cassettes. The library was founded in 1920 and is a private, non-profit organization |
| Asset management | The process whereby a large organization collects and maintains a comprehensive list of the items it owns such as hardware and software. This data is used in connection with the financial aspects of ownership such as calculating the total cost of ownership, depreciation, licensing, maintenance, and insurance. |
| Asset-light | “Asset-light” business model: A business model focusing on minimizing “in-house” resources and maximizing usage of outsourcing opportunities. |
| Bill of lading | A written receipt given by a carrier for goods accepted for transportation. Abbreviation: b.l., B.L., b/l, B/L. |
| Brand Positioning | How a product appears in relation to other products in the market. |
| Branding | In marketing, the sum total of a company's value, including products, services, people, advertising, positioning, and culture. |
| Business ethics | The study and examination of moral and social responsibility in relation to business practices and decision-making in business. |
| Business plan | How a product appears in relation to other products in the market. |
| Capital budgeting | The process of determining whether or not projects such as building a new plant or investing in a long-term venture are worthwhile. Popular methods of capital budgeting include net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), discounted cash flow (DCF), and payback period. Also known as investment appraisal. |
| Capital Market | The market for long-term funds where securities such as common stock, preferred stock, and bonds are traded. Both the primary market for new issues and the secondary market for existing securities are part of the capital market. |
| Capital Structure | The apportionment of all the financial resources of a business, in equity, bonds, etc. |
| CEO | Chief Executive Officer. |
| Change management | Techniques that aid in evolution, composition and policy management of the design and implementation of an object or system. |
| Collaboration | The act or result of working together; cooperating, especially on a project. |
| Competitive advantage | An advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. |
| Consultant | A person who gives professional or expert advice: a consultant on business methods. |
| Corporate culture | The shared values, traditions, customs, philosophy, and policies of a corporation; also, the professional atmosphere that grows from this and affects behavior and performance. |
| Corporate finance | The financial activities of corporation. |
| Corporate social responsibility | A concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. This obligation is seen to extend beyond the statutory obligation to comply with legislation and sees organizations voluntarily taking further steps to improve the quality of life for employees and their families as well as for the local community and society at large. |
| Coursework | A specified amount of work undertaken in an educational course which lead to its completion; also, the educational courses taken to attain a degree. |
| CRS | Corporate Social Responsibility; called corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business and corporate social opportunity. |
| Curriculum Vitae | Also called vita; vitae. A brief biographical résumé of one's career and training, as prepared by a person applying for a job. |
| CV | Curriculum vitae. |
| DBA | Doctor of Business Administration |
| DCF | Data Capture Facility; designated location for the collection of information for computer processing and analysis. Examples of desired data may include conditions such as temperature, or scanning bar codes to produce detailed receipts at a shop checkout (point-of-sale terminal). |
| Debt | A liability or obligation to pay or render something. |
| Dissertation | A written essay, treatise, or thesis, esp. one written by a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. |
| Dow Jones | Short for Dow Jones Industrial Average, first published 1884 by Charles Henry Dow and Edward D. Jones, later publishers of The Wall Street Journal. |
| Draft | A first or preliminary form of any writing, subject to revision, copying, etc. Also, as a verb, the act of composing such a document. |
| E-commerce | Commerce that is transacted electronically, as over the Internet. |
| E-contracts | Contracts that govern e-business, or internet-based business. |
| E-learning | Electronic learning; the process of learning online, esp. via the internet and email. |
| Eiffel Tower | The landmark of the 7th arrondissement, and international symbol of Paris. |
| Enterprise | A company organized for commercial purposes; business firm. |
| Entrepreneurship | A person who organizes and manages any enterprise, esp. a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk. |
| Equity | The monetary value of a property or business beyond any amounts owed on it in mortgages, claims, liens, etc. |
| Erosion | The process by which a surface, body, or quantity is worn away by the action of atmospheric elements. |
| FDI | Foreign Direct Investment |
| Fiduciary | A person to whom property or power is entrusted for the benefit of another. Also may be used as an adjective. |
| Financial accounting | Reporting of the financial position and performance of a firm through financial statements issued to external users on a periodic basis. |
| Financing | The act of obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or enterprise. Also, the funds so obtained. |
| Forecasting | To predict (a future condition or occurrence); calculate in advance. |
| Foreign Direct Investment | Investment in business by foreign citizens (often involves stock ownership of the business). |
| Foreign exchange risk | The risk that the exchange rate on a foreign currency will move against the position held by an investor such that the value of the investment is reduced. |
| Forwards | Of, relating to, or done in preparation for the future: bidding on forward contracts for corn. |
| Franchise | The right or license granted by a company to an individual or group to market its products or services in a specific territory. |
| FTSE | Financial Times Stock Exchange, based in London, and with offices worldwide. The FTSE maintains indexes representing various sectors of the market. It is tied to the London Stock Exchange. |
| Fudan University | One of China’s premier Universities, located in Shanghai, which hosts the ISM spring program. |
| Futures | Speculative purchases or sales of commodities for future receipt or delivery. |
| Global sourcing strategy | The global means of procurement of goods utilized by a firm. |
| Globalization | The extention, from a given national origin, to other parts of the world. |
| Growth rate | The rate of increase in size per unit of time. |
| Hedge | An act or means of preventing complete loss of a bet, an argument, an investment, or the like, with a partially counterbalancing or qualifying one. |
| HR | Human resources |
| Human Resources | People, esp. the personnel employed by a given company, institution, or the like. |
| ICF | Integrated Communication Foundation |
| IEMBA | International Executive MBA |
| Incoterms | Trade terms, published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), that are commonly used in international contracts. |
| Innovative | Introducing something new; making changes in anything established. |
| Integrated Communication Foundation | Also known as Integrated Marketing Communication, this school of thought seeks to ensure continuity at all points of “brand contact” with past, current, and prospective customers in making sure that communications are tailored as closely as possible to their intended audience. |
| Invalides | Built in the late 17th century, the building was originally commissioned as a hospital for France’s injured veterans. After a number of additions and renovations, the complex currently hosts a chapel, several museums, the tomb of Napoleon Bonaparte, and a hospital for France’s injured veterans. |
| Inventory | A complete listing of merchandise or stock on hand, work in progress, raw materials, finished goods on hand, etc., made each year by a business concern. |
| Joint venture | A business enterprise in which two or more companies enter a temporary partnership. Abbreviation: JV, J.V. |
| Jurisdiction | The extent or range of judicial, law enforcement, or other authority. Also, the territory over which authority is exercised: All islands to the northwest are his jurisdiction. |
| Knowledge management | The technologies involved in creating, disseminating, and utilizing knowledge data; also any enterprise involved in this. |
| Letter of credit | An instrument issued by a banker authorizing a person named to make drafts upon the issuer up to an amount specified. |
| Liability | Legal responsibilities (general); accounting liabilities: as detailed on a balance sheet, esp. in relation to assets and capital. |
| Lump-sum | A single sum of money that serves as complete payment. |
| Managerial accounting | The process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information for the pursuit of an organization's goals. |
| Managerial economics | A branch of economics that applies microeconomic analysis to specific business decisions. As such, it bridges economic theory and economics in practice. |
| Market multiples | One of several tools used in valuation. |
| Masters Thesis | The culminating portion of both the MBA and IEMBA degrees at ISM, this is a research intensive document pertaining to the professional and/or personal interests of the student. |
| MBA | Master of Business Administration |
| merit-based | Merit-based scholarships are awarded based on previously demonstrated academic ability. |
| MNC | Multinational Corporation |
| Money market | The short-term trade in money, as in the sale and purchase of bonds and certificates. |
| Multinational Corporation | A corporation with operations in two or more countries. |
| need-based | Need-based scholarships are awarded based on demonstrated financial need. |
| Negotiate | To arrange for or bring about by discussion and settlement of terms: to negotiate a loan. |
| Network | An association of individuals having a common interest, formed to provide mutual assistance, helpful information, or the like: a network of recent college graduates. |
| NPV | “Net Present Value,” the total present value (PV) of a time series of cash flows. It is a standard method for using the time value of money to appraise long-term projects. |
| Open source software | Software whose code is available, free of charge, to anyone who wishes to use it, in exchange, generally, for sharing the changes they make publicly, it turn. Such an arrangement enables custom tailoring as well as the potential of widespread innovation. |
| Outplacement | Counselling and assistance in finding a new job, provided by a company for an employee who has been or is about to be dismissed. |
| Outsourcing | To purchase (goods) or subcontract (services) from an outside supplier or source. |
| Pedagogy | The art or science of teaching; education; instructional methods. |
| PhD | Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph.D. or PhD for the Latin Philosophiæ Doctor, meaning "teacher of philosophy", (or, more rarely, D.Phil., for the equivalent Doctor Philosophiæ) is an advanced academic degree awarded by universities. In some, but not all countries in the English-speaking world, it has become the highest degree one can earn (but see also the Higher doctorates awarded by universities in the UK, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries) and applies to graduates in a wide array of disciplines in the sciences and humanities. The Ph.D. has become a requirement for a career as a university professor or researcher in many fields. In addition, many Ph.D. graduates go on to careers in government departments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), or in the private sector. Source : wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy |
| Point-of-purchase | A counter display used to sell a product; also used to describe the time at which a sale takes place. |
| Portfolio | The total holdings of the securities, commercial paper, etc., of a financial institution or private investor. |
| Price strategy | The considerations involved in determining the most suitable price point for a given good or service. |
| Probability | The relative possibility that an event will occur, as expressed by the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the total number of possible occurrences. |
| Professional Assessment Case Study | Two exercises administered to ISM students and candidates during the course of their study in order to better gauge the individual progress made. |
| ProQuest | ProQuest is the premier online library. The ProQuest online information service provides access to thousands of current periodicals, newspapers and research, many updated daily and containing full-text articles from 1986 - one of the largest online content repositories in the world. http://proquest.umi.com/login |
| Qualitative | Pertaining to or concerned with quality or qualities. |
| Quantitative | Of or pertaining to the describing or measuring of quantity. |
| R&D | Research and development. |
| Raw materials | Material before being processed or manufactured into a final form. |
| Regression | The act of going back to a previous place or state; return or reversion. Of, pertaining to, or determined by regression analysis: regression curve; regression equation. |
| Return | A yield or profit, as from labor, land, business, or investment. |
| Revenue | The return or yield from any kind of property, patent, service, etc.; income. |
| Risk | The hazard or chance of loss; the degree of probability of such loss. |
| Risk management | The technique or profession of assessing, minimizing, and preventing accidental loss to a business, as through the use of insurance, safety measures, etc. |
| Sampling | The act or process of selecting a small part of anything, or one of a number, intended to show the quality, style, or nature of the whole. |
| Scholarship | A sum of money or other aid granted to a student, because of merit, need, etc., to pursue his or her studies. |
| Seine | The river that divides Paris into Rive Gauche and Rive Droite (“Left Bank” and Right Bank” – if viewed from the East). |
| Seminars | Courses or a subject of study for advanced graduate students. |
| Sensitivity analysis | A technique for determining the outcome of a decision if a key prediction turns out to be wrong. For example, such an analysis tries to evaluate the effects on a project's profits, costs, sales, etc. |
| Shareholder | One that owns or holds a share or shares of stock; a stockholder. Also called shareowner. |
| SHRM | Strategic Human Resource Management. |
| Social networking | The use of a website to connect with people who share personal or professional interests, place of origin, education at a particular school, etc. |
| St John's University | The respected New York City-based University which hosts the ISM summer program. |
| Statistical methodology | The established standard practice used in statistics work. |
| Supply Chain | Any sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity. |
| Swaps | A contract in which two parties agree to exchange periodic interest payments, especially when one payment is at a fixed rate and the other varies according to the performance of a reference rate, such as the prime rate. |
| Temple University | Temple University, Tokyo: The Tokyo branch of Temple University, based in Philadelphia, PA. Temple University Tokyo hosts the ISM fall program. |
| Thesis | A dissertation on a particular subject in which one has done original research, as one presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree. |
| Thesis Supervisor | The faculty member who oversees the thesis research conducted by students. |
| Turnover | The ratio of the labor turnover to the average number of employees in a given period. |
| Undergraduate | A student in a university or college who has not received a first, esp. a bachelor's, degree. |
| Valuation | An estimated value or worth. |
| Variance | Also called mean square deviation. In statistics, the square of the standard deviation. |
| Venture capital | Funds invested or available for investment in a new or unproven business enterprise. Synonym: Risk capital. |
| Venture Champion | The individual who is responsible for the entrepreneurial process of a particular nascent business entity within an organization. |
| World Trade Organization | An international organization based in Geneva that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade |
| WTO | World Trade Organization |
| Glossary V2.0 | |
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